Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) using palm olein and tricaprylin in packed-bed reactor (PBR)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2020.v32.i12.2209Keywords:
1,3-dicapryoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol, lipase, packed bed reactor, palm olein, structured lipidsAbstract
Lipase-catalyzed transesterification between refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDO) and tricaprylin to produce medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) in a packed bed reactor (PBR) has been investigated. A specific sn-1,3 commercial Lipozyme TL IM was used as biocatalyst. Within this study, the progress of transesterification was monitored especially for triacylglycerol (TAG) formation with equivalent carbon number (ECN) of 32, presumably 1,3-dicapryoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol (COC). Transesterification conditions investigated were residence times (i.e., 15, 30, and 60 min) and enzyme loadings (2.0 and 4.5 g). The highest yield of ECN 32 (13%) and transesterification degree (71%) were obtained at residence time of 15 mins for both enzyme loadings. Longer residence time seemed to facilitate lipid hydrolysis over transesterification. This was indicated by the number of peaks appearing in the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms and the reduction of fat slip melting point (SMP). Additionally, the highest productivity was obtained at 2.0 g enzyme loading. Conclusively, this study has demonstrated the potential use of packed-bed reactor with immobilized Lipozyme TL IM for continuous synthesis of MLM-SLs especially TAG with ECN32.
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References
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AOCS, 2017b. AOCS Official method Cc 3-25. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS. Champaign, IL (USA): American Oil Chemist’s Society Press.
Basri, M., M.A. Kassim, R. Mohamad and A.B. Ariff. 2013. Optimization and kinetic study on the synthesis of palm oil ester using Lipozyme TL im. J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym. 85–86: 214–219.
Basso, R.C., A.P.B. Ribeiro, M.H. Masuchi, L.A. Gioielli, L.A.G. Gonçalves, A.O. dos Santos, L.P. Cardoso and R. Grimaldi. 2010. Tripalmitin and monoacylglycerols as modifiers in the crystallisation of palm oil. Food Chem. 122: 1185–1192.
Hermansyah, H., A. Wijanarko, Dianursanti, M. Gozan, P.P.D.K. Wulan, R. Arbianti, R.W. Soemantojo, T.S. Utami, Yuliusman, M. Kubo, N. Shibasaki-Kitakawa and T. Yonemoto. 2010. Kinetic model for triglyceride hydrolysis using lipase: Review. MAKARA Technol. Ser. 11: 30–35.
Holčapek, M., M. Lísa, P. Jandera and N. Kabátová. 2005. Quantitation of triacylglycerols in plant oils using HPLC with APCI-MS, evaporative light-scattering, and UV detection. J. Sep. Sci. 28: 1315–1333.
Itabaiana, I., L.S. De Mariz E Miranda and R.O.M.A. De Souza. 2013. Towards a continuous flow environment for lipase-catalyzed reactions. J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym. 85–86: 1–9.
Kadhum, A.A.H. and M.N. Shamma. 2017. Edible lipids modification processes: a review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 57: 48–58.
Lai, O.M., C.T. Low and C.C. Akoh. 2005. Lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of palm olein and caprylic acid in a continuous bench-scale packed bed bioreactor. Food Chem. 92: 527–533.
Levenspiel, O. 1999. Chemical reaction engineering, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
May, C.Y. and K. Nesaretnam. 2014. Research advancements in palm oil nutrition. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 116: 1301–1315.
Mele, M.A., M.Z. Islam, H.M. Kang and A.M. Giuffrè. 2018. Pre-and post-harvest factors and their impact on oil composition and quality of olive fruit. Emirates J. Food Agric. 30: 592–603.
Ong, A.S.H. and S.H. Goh. 2002. Palm oil: A healthful and cost effective dietary component. Food Nutr. Bull. 23: 11–22.
Saberi, A.H., C.P. Tan and O.M. Lai. 2011. Phase behavior of palm oil in blends with palm-based diacylglycerol. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 88: 1857–1865.
Siew, W.L. 2002. Understanding the interactions of diacylglycerols with oils for better product performance. Palm Oil Dev. 36: 6–12.
Silva, R.C.da, F.A.S. De Martini Soares, T.G. Fernandes, A.L.D. Castells, K.C.G. Da Silva, M.I.A. Gonçalves, C.C. Ming, L.A.G. Gonçalves and L.A. Gioielli. 2011. Interesterification of lard and soybean oil blends catalyzed by immobilized lipase in a continuous packed bed reactor. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 88: 1925–1933.
Sitanggang, A.B., A. Drews and M. Kraume. 2014a. Continuous synthesis of lactulose in an enzymatic membrane reactor reduces lactulose secondary hydrolysis. Bioresour. Technol. 167: 108–115.
Sitanggang, A.B., A. Drews and M. Kraume. 2014b. Rapid transgalactosylation towards lactulose synthesis in a small-scale enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR). Chem. Eng. Trans. 38: 19–24.
Sitanggang, A.B., A. Drews and M. Kraume. 2015. Influences of operating conditions on continuous lactulose synthesis in an enzymatic membrane reactor system: A basis prior to long-term operation. J. Biotechnol. 203: 89–96.
Sitanggang, A.B., A. Drews and M. Kraume. 2016. Development of a continuous membrane reactor process for enzyme-catalyzed lactulose synthesis. Biochem. Eng. J. 109: 65–80.
Subroto, E., Supriyanto, T. Utami and C. Hidayat. 2019. Enzymatic glycerolysis–interesterification of palm stearin–olein blend for synthesis structured lipid containing high mono- and diacylglycerol. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 28: 511–517.
Utama, Q.D., A.B. Sitanggang, D.R. Adawiyah and P. Hariyadi. 2019. Lipase-catalyzed interesterification for the synthesis of medium-long-medium (MLM) structured lipids – a review. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 57: 305–318.
Utama, Q.D., A.B. Sitanggang, D.R. Adawiyah and P. Hariyadi. 2020. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of medium-long-medium-type of structured lipids from refined bleached deodorized olein. Appl. Food Biotechnol. 7: 85–94.
Vandenberghe, C., V. St-Pierre, T. Pierotti, M. Fortier, C.A. Castellano and S.C. Cunnane. 2017. Tricaprylin alone increases plasma ketone response more than coconut oil or other medium-chain triglycerides : An acute crossover study in healthy adults. Curr. Dev. Nutr. 1: 1–5.
Wang, Y., H. Wu and M.H. Zong. 2008. Improvement of biodiesel production by lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed methanolysis using response surface methodology and acyl migration enhancer. Bioresour. Technol. 99: 7232–7237.
Xu, X., T. Porsgaard, H. Zhang, J. Adler-Nissen and C.E. Høy. 2002. Production of structured lipids in a packed-bed reactor with Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 79: 561–565.
Yang, H., Y. Mu, H. Chen, C. Su, T. Yang and Z. Xiu. 2014. Sn-1,3-specific interesterification of soybean oil with medium-chain triacylglycerol catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM. Chinese J. Chem. Eng. 22: 1016–1020.
Zhang, H., X. Xu, J. Nilsson, H. Mu, J. Adler-Nissen and C.E. Høy. 2001. Production of margarine fats by enzymatic interesterification with silica-granulated Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase in a large-scale study. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78: 57–64.
Published
2021-01-20
How to Cite
Utama, Q. D., A. B. Sitanggang, D. R. Adawiyah, and P. Hariyadi. “Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification of Medium-Long-Medium Structured Lipid (MLM-SL) Using Palm Olein and Tricaprylin in Packed-Bed Reactor (PBR)”. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, vol. 32, no. 12, Jan. 2021, pp. 909-16, doi:10.9755/ejfa.2020.v32.i12.2209.
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Research Article
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