Can biochar and chitin as organic soil amendments be alternatives to manures for rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) growth?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2021.v33.i3.2660Abstract
Organic amendments are sustainable, and relatively cheap materials derived from plants and animals that are supplemented into the soil for the restoration of the soil’s physical and chemical properties, and provide the plants' nutrients before seeding, increasing its productivity. The addition of organic amendments to agricultural soil is recommended to improve soil functions and plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different organic soil amendments (biochar chitin, horse, sheep manure) on the growth of rocket plants (Eruca sativa Mill.) and answer if biochar and chitin can be alternatives to manures. This study was conducted in pots, under various combinations of organic amendments, using a typic xerofluvent agricultural soil, in the spring of 2016. To experiment, four organic amendments (biochar, chitin from shrimp shells, horse and sheep manure) were employed to amend the soil, in a completely randomized design, analyzing the impact of 4% and 8% biochar, 2% and 3% chitin, as well as 2% and 5% horse or sheep manure on the growth of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.). According to the findings, the best growth rate of the rocket was found in the sheep manure amendment at 2% rate, followed by the 5% rate, in the horse manure amendments at 2% and 5% rates, in the biochar amendment at 4% rate, and in chitin at 3% and 2% rates consecutively. Positive effects of organic amendments on plant growth were more evident under the amendments related to sheep manure at a 2% rate.
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References
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Chan, K.Y., L. van Zwieten, I. Meszaros, A. Downie and S. Joseph. 2007. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Aust J Soil Res. 45: 629-634.
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Pavlou, G.C, C.D. Ehaliotis and V.A. Kavvadias. 2007. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers applied during successive crop seasons on growth and nitrate accumulation in lettuce. Sci Hortic. 111: 319-325.
Pimpini, F. and M. Enzo. 1997. Present status and prospects for rocket cultivation in the Veneto region. pp. 51-66. In Rocket: a Mediterranean crop for the world (Padulosi S, Pignone D, editors). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
Sharp, R.G. 2013. A review of the applications of chitin and its derivatives in agriculture to modify plant-microbial interactions and improve crop yields. Agronomy 3:757–793.
Soil Survey Staff. 2014. Keys to soil taxonomy. 12th ed. Soil Conservation Service, USDA, Washington, DC.
Song, X.D, X.Y. Xue, D.Z. Chen, P.J. He and X.H. Dai. 2014. Application of biochar from sewage sludge to plant cultivation: Influence of pyrolysis temperature and biochar-to-soil ratio on yield and heavy metal accumulation. Chemosphere. 109:213-20.
Tammeorg, P., A. Simojoki, P. Mäkelä, F.L. Stoddard, L. Alakukku and J. Helenius. 2014. Biochar application to a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions: effects on soil properties and yield formation of wheat, turnip rape and faba bean. Plant Soil. 374: 89-107.
Tοth, G., A. Jones and L. Montanarella (eds.) 2013. LUCAS Topsoil Survey methodology, data and results. Report EUR 26102 EN
Viger, M., R.D. Hancock, F. Miglietta and G. Taylor. 2015. More plant growth but less plant defence? First global gene expression data for plants grown in soil amended with biochar. GCB Bioenergy. 7:658-72.
Villarreal, R.D. 1982. Jitomates. Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura. San José, Costa Rica. p. 304
Yavuzaslanoğlu, E. 2015. The effect of different fertilizer applications on stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on onion1. BİBAD. 8: 40-43.
Ahmadi, F. and M. Jafarpour. 2015. The Functional Effect of Different Organic Matter on Spinach (Spinacia oleracea). J Earth Environ Health Sci. 1:1-4.
Ancy, Jenifer A. and C.Thamaraiselvi 2014. Effect of small scale industry saw dust and coir pith compost on the growth of Raphanus Sativus. IJIFR. 2 : 873-881.
Asgharipour, M. and M. Rafiei 2011. Effect of different organic amendments and drought on the growth and yield of basil in the greenhouse. Adv. Environ. Biol. 5: 1233-1240.
Azarmi, Rasool, Mousa Torabi Giglou and Behzad Hajieghrari. 2009. The effect of sheep-manure vermicompost on quantitative and qualitative properties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in the greenhouse. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8:4953-4957.
Barbosa, Lima A, F.S. Cannavan, A.A Navarrete, W.G Teixeira, E. Kuramae and S.M. Tsai. 2015. Amazonian dark Earth and plant species from the Amazon region contribute to shape rhizosphere bacterial communities. Microb. Ecol. 69:855–866.
Borchard, N., J. Siemens, B. Ladd, A. Möller and W. Amelung. 2014. Application of biochars to sandy and silty soil failed to increase maize yield under common agricultural practice. Soil Tillage Res. 144:184-194.
Chan, K.Y., L. van Zwieten, I. Meszaros, A. Downie and S. Joseph. 2007. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Aust J Soil Res. 45: 629-634.
D`Addabbo, T. 1995. The nematicial effect of organic amendments: A review of the literature. 1982-1994. Nematol Medit. 23:299–305.
Debode, J., C. De Tender, S. Soltaninejad, C. Van Malderghem, A. Haegeman, I. Van der Linden, B. Cottyn, M. Heyndrickx, M. Maes. 2016. Chitin mixed in potting soil alters lettuce growth, the survival of zoonotic bacteria on the leaves and associated rhizosphere microbiology. Front. Microbiol. 7: 565.
Duggan, T. 2015. Effects of vermicomposted spent mushroom compost on growing medium characteristics, plant growth, yield and abiotic stress tolerance. (Ph.D. Thesis), University College Cork, Ireland.
Egamberdieva, D., S. Wirth, U. Behrendt, E.F Abd-Allah and G. Berg. 2016. Biochar treatment resulted in a combined effect on soybean growth promotion and a shift in plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Front. Microbiol. 7: 209.
Ewulo, B.S. 2005. Effect of poultry dung and cattle manure on chemical properties of clay and sandy clay loam soil. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 4: 839-841.
Gravel, V., M. Dorais and C.Ménard, 2013. Organic potted plants amended with biochar: its effect on growth and Pythium colonization. Can. J. Pure Appl. Sci. 93: 1217-1227.
Guo, M., Z. He and S.M. Uchimiya. 2016. Introduction to Biochar as an Agricultural and Environmental Amendment. In Agricultural and Environmental Applications of Biochar: Advances and Barriers (eds M. Guo, Z. He and S.M. Uchimiya).
Guo, M. 2020. The 3R Principles for Applying Biochar to Improve Soil Health. Soil Syst. 2020, 4, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4010009
Gutiérrez-Miceli, F.A, J. Santiago-Borraz, J.A.M. Molina, C.C Nafate, M. Abud-Archila, M.A.O. Llaven, R. Rinco´n-Rosales and L. Dendooven. 2007. Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Bioresour. Technol. 98: 2781-2786.
Jannoura, R., C. Bruns and R.G. Joergensen. 2013. Organic fertilizer effects on pea yield, nutrient uptake, microbial root colonization and soil microbial biomass indices in organic farming systems. Eur. J. Agron. 49: 32-41.
Levy, Simone J. and Barry R. Taylor. 2003. Effects of pulp mill solids and three composts on early growth of tomatoes. Bioresour Technol. 89: 297-305.
Liopa-Tsakalidi, A., D. Chalikiopoulos and A. Papasavvas. 2010. Effect of chitin on growth and chlorophyll content of two medicinal plants. J. Med. Plants Res. 4: 499-508.
Liu, A., D. Tian, Y. Xiang and H. Mo. 2016. Effects of biochar on growth of Asian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) and cadmium uptake in artificially cadmium-polluted water. Sci Hortic. 198: 311-317.
Mahmoodabadi, M.R, A.M. Ronaghi, M. Khayyat and Z. Amirabadi. 2011. Effects of sheep manure on vegetative and reproductive growth and nutrient concentrations of soybean plants under leaching and non-leaching conditions. J. Plant Nutr. 34: 1593-601.
Major, J. 2010. Guidelines on Practical Aspects of Biochar Application to Field Soil in Various Soil Management Systems; International Biochar Initiative: Westerville, OH, USA; Available online: https://www.biochar-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/IBI_Biochar_Application.pdf (accessed on 19 April 2021).
Ojeda, G, X. Domene, S. Mattana, J.P Sousa, O. Ortiz, P. Andres and J.M. Alcañiz. 2012. Soil biochar amendments: type and dose effects. In: EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts 14: 11763.
Page, A.L., R.H. Miller and D.R. Buxton. (eds.). 1982. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy 9. 2nd edition. Am. Soc. of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, Wi.
Parvage, M.M, B. Ulén and H. Kirchmann. 2015. Nutrient leaching from manure-amended topsoils (Cambisols and Histosols) in Sweden. Geoderma Regional. 5: 209-214.
Pavlou, G.C, C.D. Ehaliotis and V.A. Kavvadias. 2007. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers applied during successive crop seasons on growth and nitrate accumulation in lettuce. Sci Hortic. 111: 319-325.
Pimpini, F. and M. Enzo. 1997. Present status and prospects for rocket cultivation in the Veneto region. pp. 51-66. In Rocket: a Mediterranean crop for the world (Padulosi S, Pignone D, editors). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
Sharp, R.G. 2013. A review of the applications of chitin and its derivatives in agriculture to modify plant-microbial interactions and improve crop yields. Agronomy 3:757–793.
Soil Survey Staff. 2014. Keys to soil taxonomy. 12th ed. Soil Conservation Service, USDA, Washington, DC.
Song, X.D, X.Y. Xue, D.Z. Chen, P.J. He and X.H. Dai. 2014. Application of biochar from sewage sludge to plant cultivation: Influence of pyrolysis temperature and biochar-to-soil ratio on yield and heavy metal accumulation. Chemosphere. 109:213-20.
Tammeorg, P., A. Simojoki, P. Mäkelä, F.L. Stoddard, L. Alakukku and J. Helenius. 2014. Biochar application to a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions: effects on soil properties and yield formation of wheat, turnip rape and faba bean. Plant Soil. 374: 89-107.
Tοth, G., A. Jones and L. Montanarella (eds.) 2013. LUCAS Topsoil Survey methodology, data and results. Report EUR 26102 EN
Viger, M., R.D. Hancock, F. Miglietta and G. Taylor. 2015. More plant growth but less plant defence? First global gene expression data for plants grown in soil amended with biochar. GCB Bioenergy. 7:658-72.
Villarreal, R.D. 1982. Jitomates. Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura. San José, Costa Rica. p. 304
Yavuzaslanoğlu, E. 2015. The effect of different fertilizer applications on stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on onion1. BİBAD. 8: 40-43.
Published
2021-04-25
How to Cite
Barouchas, P. E., and A. L. Tsakalidi. “Can Biochar and Chitin As Organic Soil Amendments Be Alternatives to Manures for Rocket (Eruca Sativa Mill.) Growth?”. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, vol. 33, no. 3, Apr. 2021, pp. 194-01, doi:10.9755/ejfa.2021.v33.i3.2660.
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Research Article
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